DOS批处理 函数定义与用法_DOS/BAT_

What it is, why it`s important and how to write your own.

Description: The assumption is: A batch script snippet can be named a function when:

1.... it has a callable entrance point.
2.... on completion execution continues right after the command that initially called the function.
3.... it works the same no matter from where it`s being called, even when it calls itself recursively.
4.... the variables used within a function do not conflict with variables outside the function.
5.... it exchanges data with the calling code strictly through input and output variables or a return code.

The benefits behind functions are:

1.Keep the main script clean
2.Hide complexity in reusable functions
3.Test functions independently from the main script
4.Add more functionality to your batch script simply by adding more functions at the bottom
5.Don`t worry about the function implementation, just test it and use it
 
Create a Function What is a function?
Call a Function How to invoke a function?
Example - Calling a Function An Example showing how it works.
Passing Function Arguments How to pass arguments to the function?
Parsing Function Arguments How to retrieve function arguments within the function?
Example - Function with Arguments An Example showing how it works.
Returning Values the Classic Way The classic way of returning values and the limitations.
Returning Values via References Let the caller determine how to return the function result and avoid the need of dedicated variables.
Example - Returning Values using Variable Reference An Example showing how it works.
Local Variables in Functions How to avoid name conflicts and keep variable changes local to the function?
Returning Local Variables How to pass return values over the ENDLOCAL barrier?
Recursive Functions Tadaaah!!!
Summary Defining a standard format for a DOS batch function
DOS Batch - Function Tutorial What it is, why it`s important and how to write your own.

Create a Function - What is a function
Description: In DOS you write a function by surrounding a group of command by a label and a GOTO:EOF command. A single batch file can contain multiple functions defined like this. The label becomes the function name.
Script:

 

Call a Function - How to invoke a function
Description: A function can be called with the CALL command followed by the function label.
Script: 01.
 call:myDosFunc

Example - Calling a Function - An Example showing how it works
Description: The use of batch functions will divide the script into two sections.

1.The main script: starting at line 1 ending with a GOTO:EOF command that terminates the script.
2.The function section: filling the second half of the batch file with one or more functions to be callable from the main script.
 
Script:

 
Script Output:   Script Output 
going to execute myDosFunc
  here the myDosFunc function is executing a group of commands
  it could do a lot of things
returned from myDosFunc
Press any key to continue . . .
 
Passing Function Arguments - How to pass arguments to the function
Description: Just as the DOS batch file itself can have arguments, a function can be called with arguments in a similar way. Just list all arguments after the function name in the call command.
Use a space or a comma to separate arguments.
Use double quotes for string arguments with spaces.
Script:

 
Parsing Function Arguments - How to retrieve function arguments within the function
Description: Just as the DOS batch file itself retrieves arguments via %1 … %9 a function can parse it`s arguments the same way. The same rules apply.
Let`s modify our previews example to use arguments.
To strip of the double quotes in an arguments value the tilde modifier, i.e. use %~2 instead of %2.
Script:

 
Example - Function with Arguments - An Example showing how it works
Description: The following example demonstrates how to pass arguments into a DOS function. The :myDosFunc function is being called multiple times with different arguments.

Note: The last call to myDosFunc doesn`t use double quotes for the second argument. Subsequently "for" and "me" will be handled as two separate arguments, whereas the third argument "me" is not being used within the function.
Script:

 
Script Output:   Script Output 
going to execute myDosFunc with different arguments
 
 here the myDosFunc function is executing a group of commands
 it could do 100 of things YeePEE.
 
 here the myDosFunc function is executing a group of commands
 it could do 100 of things for me.
 
 here the myDosFunc function is executing a group of commands
 it could do 100 of things for me.
 
 here the myDosFunc function is executing a group of commands
 it could do 100 of things for.
 
Press any key to continue . . .
 

Returning Values the Classic Way - The classic way of returning values and the limitations
Description: The CALL command doesn`t support return values as known by other programming languages.
The classic walkaround is to have the function store the return value into a environment variable. The calling script can use this variable when the function returns. The :myGetFunc function below demonstrates how the variable var1 gets the "DosTips" string assigned which can then be used in the calling function.

Note: The var1 variable is reserved for this particular function. Any data stored in var1 by the calling function before calling :myGetVar will be overwritten.
Usage:

 
Script:

 
Script Output:   Script Output 
var1 before: some hopefully not important string
var1 after : DosTips
 
Returning Values via References - Let the caller determine how to return the function result and avoid the need of dedicated variables
Description: Instead of using "global" variables for return value, the function can use one of it`s arguments as variable reference. The caller can then pass a variable name to the function and the function can store the result into this variable making use of the command line expansion of the command processor:

Note: The var1 variable is not reserved for this articular function. Any variable can be passed to the function the caller has full control.
Usage:

 
Script: